Harvard university

                                         HARVARD UNIVERSITY

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Harvard University is the oldest institution of higher education in United States. Which was established in 1636, this university has build up from 9 students with a single master to an enrollment of more than 20,000 degree applicant including graduate undergraduate and professionals students. Harvard University’s history impact and wealth have 

made it one of the high status universities in the world. Those students who are excited to explore the biggest issue of the 21st century, Harvard offers an unique student experience and a generous financial aid program. .Harvard university is also faithful to excellence in teaching, learning and research. the founder of Harvard university is john Harvard, he was an English minister in America . He received his MA from England's University called Cambridge. A statue of john Harvard is stands today in front of university hall.

   

Harvard University is well known for global leadership in education, the Harvard faculty is composed of men and women who are excellent scholars. Faculty members are intense and strange individual, who continues their own research while teaching in Harvard. They came from all over the world, and across the country, bringing with them a various wealth of knowledge. Nearly all Harvard college courses are designed taught and surprise by Harvard faculty, and almost all FAS faculty are required to teach like part of their duties. The faculty is highly reachable and Harvard college class sizes are on average below 40 with over half the courses being offered each semester enrolling 10 or fewer students. It permits for a closer student-professor relationship and contributes to the feeling of community on campus. The faculty at Harvard make a point of attachment with their students to create a succeed academic experiences. The professors also make them available to the students out of the classroom, even beyond office times.  Harvard’s campus creates an amazing backdrop for all that happens inside the university. Harvard’s house system expands teaching, learning and advising into the residential habitat. The college adds 12 residential house, a selection of which have been highlight in Harvard gazette    

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THE UNITED NATIONS

                                                            THE UNITED NATIONS

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As the earn-age of World War 2 was still on, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and American president Franklin D. Roosevelt were planning for an organization that could prevent another world war and promote international understanding and cooperation. On august 14, 1941, they signed the Atlantic charter on a warship, off the coast of Newfoundland. After all kind of preparation, on June 26 1945, representatives of 50 nations met in San Francisco to sign the charter of the united nation organization. The charter came to be effective from October 24, 1945 marking of the formal establishment of the organization. The UN headquarters are located in NEW YORK.

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THE United Nations is an international organization of six principal organs. The general assembly is made up of all members’ states that have equal voice and one vote. It controls the finance and all UN activities.  The Security Council with 5 permanent members –USA, UK, china, France and Russia and 10 elected for a term of 2 years, is the most important organ from the functional point of view. it works for the implementation of the charter dealing  with any crisis in the world involving  fighting, threats, or instability. Any of the permanent members can prevent decision by using their “veto” power.

The economic and social council [ECO SOC] consists of representatives of 54 nations, one-third elected every year. It coordinates with the UN specialized agencies working in various fields such as social development, human rights, women empowerment, population and environment. With USA, Russia, UK, France and china as its members, trusteeship council was entrusted with the supervision of the post –World War 2 territories under the international trusteeship system. When all the states either merged with others or attained independence, the council ceased to exist in 1994.with 15 judges elected for 9 years, the international court of justice can settle international disputes and try anyone accused of serious crimes such as genocide. The secretariat headed by the secretary general appointed by the general assembly for 5 years is the chief administrative body. There are over 60 thousand UN staffs worldwide.

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The united nation is the largest international organization of the world. The organization is so important because it establishes communications between governments and promotes cooperation needed to tackle world problems. Many UN agencies and programmers are run in various areas to support the poorer countries and weaker people. Through their efforts epidemics have been controlled and vulnerable groups of people such as women, children, and refugees have been protected. Constitutional reformations and good governance have been encouraged. UN peacekeeping forces set up in 1978 are mobilized in the countries in conflict in order to help establish permanent peace. Conflicts as in Nepal, east Timor, Africa and the Middle East have been resolved by peaceful means. The United Nations mission in Nepal [UNPIN] assisted in the overall   peace process of the country such as concluding the comprehensive peace accord, management of Maoist armies and weapons and the drafting of a new constitution through an elected assembly.

Armed Revolution 2007

                            

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                                        ARMED REVOLUTION 2007

Starting from bs 1903 Nepal was ruled by rana autocrats for 104 years .throughout  the regime ,the hereditary  prime ministers exercised absolute power and lived in indecent luxury at the country’s expense .public freedom, education and  outside influence were dreadfully suppressed .they brought some reforms either for enlarging their luxury or to sustain  their  autocracy. Right from the very beginning ordinary people had developed hatred distaste for the system. learned and politically conscious  people could never approve of the ranarchy .they knew that it was not an easy task to over throw  the dictatorship which was strongly backed by the British east India  company .great  public awakening  was needed before and effective move was taken against the tyranny.

Arya  samaj , gorkha league , nagrik adhikar samiti, charka movement and mahabir school were the early associations established for rousing public awareness for  anti-rana movement .but the rana’s would take harsh measures to suppress  the attempts. While Indian freedom fighting movement was spreading in India, Nepalese democrats founded a party called the praja parishadin BS 1993.dissatisfied with his position, king tribhuwan went in favor of the move. The party men were secretly scattering pamphlets against the ranas.but the secrecy was soon disclosed and many of the leaders were caught and some such as sukraraj shastri and dharmabhakta mathema were executed on the charge of treason.

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Towards the end of World War 2, the movement in India was gaining ground. There were worldwide waves of changes. In 1947 India obtained independence from Britain. a strong foundation of the rana rule had collapsed.nepalese people were getting more receptive to the developments. Several leaders having participated in the Indian struggle come back and joined the anti-rana activities.  At the beginning of the year BS 2006, the Nepal communist party had been founded. The Nepali national congress and the Nepali democratic congress merged into the Nepali congress at the fall of the same year. Next year the bairganiya conference of the party passed a resolution to launch a violent revolution in the country to overthrow the ranas autocracy. The party chairman matrika Prasad koirala was chosen the commander. The congress party would win sympathy both from Indian national government and king tribhuwan now less friendly to Prime Minister Mohan shumsher.

The congress party started funding in Nepal and india.it was organizing and army of its own called the liberation army. On 21 kartik, 2007, the reigning king along with most family members left the palace and asks for asylum at the Indian embassy. The other day mohan shumsher placed the king’s minor grandson gyanendra on the throne .but this was not recognized by India. On 26^th the king flew to New Delhi where he was warmly received by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru.

The liberation army made major attacks along the border areas. Places such as birgunj and bhairahawa were captured. Gradually they were spreading influence through much of the country.biratnagar, palpa, dang, jajarkot, kailali, kanchanpur and gorkha also fell in their hands. The situation had been worsening in the country. Realizing that the revolution was out of his control, Mohan shumsher sent his delegate’s kaisher shumsher and bijay shumsher to India for talk. Similar efforts earlier had been inconclusive. This time the tripartite Delhi compromise  was signed by the rana delegates, the nepali congress and king tribhuwan  under an  active mediation of the Indian government on falgun 1.the king with his position fully restored  return and  on falgun 7,  he  gave and address  to the people declaring  that a rana- congress coalition government was formed, general  amnesty was offered to the political prisoners  and election  to constituent  assembly  would  be held in a year. The event is marked as the event of democracy in the country .but ironically  the rana  prime minister  mohan shumsher was accepted  as the head of the democratic government  that ran for less than a year.