THE UNITED NATIONS
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As the earn-age of World War 2 was still on, British Prime
Minister Winston Churchill and American president Franklin D. Roosevelt were
planning for an organization that could prevent another world war and promote
international understanding and cooperation. On august 14, 1941, they signed
the Atlantic charter on a warship, off the coast of Newfoundland. After all
kind of preparation, on June 26 1945, representatives of 50 nations met in San
Francisco to sign the charter of the united nation organization. The charter
came to be effective from October 24, 1945 marking of the formal establishment
of the organization. The UN headquarters are located in NEW YORK.
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THE United Nations is an international organization of six
principal organs. The general assembly is made up of all members’ states that
have equal voice and one vote. It controls the finance and all UN
activities. The Security Council with 5
permanent members –USA, UK, china, France and Russia and 10 elected for a term
of 2 years, is the most important organ from the functional point of view. it
works for the implementation of the charter dealing with any crisis in the world involving fighting, threats, or instability. Any of the
permanent members can prevent decision by using their “veto” power.
The economic and social council [ECO SOC] consists of
representatives of 54 nations, one-third elected every year. It coordinates
with the UN specialized agencies working in various fields such as social
development, human rights, women empowerment, population and environment. With
USA, Russia, UK, France and china as its members, trusteeship council was
entrusted with the supervision of the post –World War 2 territories under the
international trusteeship system. When all the states either merged with others
or attained independence, the council ceased to exist in 1994.with 15 judges
elected for 9 years, the international court of justice can settle
international disputes and try anyone accused of serious crimes such as genocide.
The secretariat headed by the secretary general appointed by the general assembly
for 5 years is the chief administrative body. There are over 60 thousand UN staffs
worldwide.
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The united nation is the largest international organization
of the world. The organization is so important because it establishes
communications between governments and promotes cooperation needed to tackle
world problems. Many UN agencies and programmers are run in various areas to
support the poorer countries and weaker people. Through their efforts epidemics
have been controlled and vulnerable groups of people such as women, children,
and refugees have been protected. Constitutional reformations and good
governance have been encouraged. UN peacekeeping forces set up in 1978 are mobilized
in the countries in conflict in order to help establish permanent peace. Conflicts
as in Nepal, east Timor, Africa and the Middle East have been resolved by
peaceful means. The United Nations mission in Nepal [UNPIN] assisted in the
overall peace process of the country
such as concluding the comprehensive peace accord, management of Maoist armies
and weapons and the drafting of a new constitution through an elected assembly.
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